The 1,500 page Bioinitiative report was first issued in 2007 and then extensively expanded in 2012. It is considered by many scientists to be the leading authoritative medical compilation of all research into microwave radiation, worldwide. It represents a medical perspective, not a regulatory, industry or legislative perspective. There are 29 contributing authors - research scientists and doctors from ten countries (Russia, United States, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Canada, The Slovac Republic, Italy and Austria). It also analyses the output of an additional 1,800 studies published between 2007 and 2012. 1. Executive Summary These new studies report abnormal gene transcription (copying), DNA damage, the creation of stress proteins because of the fractal RF-antenna like nature of DNA. In addition, chromatin condensation and loss of DNA repair capacity in human stem, reduction in free-radical scavengers – particularly melatonin, neurotoxicity in humans and animals, carcinogenicity (creation of cancer) in humans, serious impacts on human and animal sperm function, effects on the foetus, neonate and offspring, effects on brain and cranial bone development in the offspring of animals that are exposed to cell phone radiation during pregnancy and findings in autism spectrum disorders related to EMF/RFR exposure. 2. Brain Tumours: Gliomas are aggressive, malignant tumours where the average life-span following diagnosis is approximately 400 days. Epidemiological studies are finding brain tumours at the ten year point, whereas x-ray and other ionizing radiation exposures that can also cause brain tumours take nearly 15-20 years to appear. This makes radiofrequency/microwave radiation from mobile (cell) phones a very effective cancer-causing agent. Studies by Lennart Hardell and his research team at Orebro University in Sweden have determined that children who start using a mobile (cell) phone in their early years have more than a 5-fold (more than a 500%) risk of developing a brain tumour by the time they are in the 20-29 year age group. 3. Adverse Biological Effects:  The most serious health endpoints that have been reported to be associated with extremely low frequency (ELF) and/or radiofrequency radiation (RFR) include childhood and adult leukaemia, childhood and adult brain tumours, and increased risk of the neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, there are reports of increased risk of breast cancer in both men and women, genotoxic effects (DNA damage, chromatin condensation, micronucleation, impaired repair of DNA damage in human stem cells), pathological leakage of the blood–brain barrier, altered immune function including increased allergic and inflammatory responses, miscarriage and some cardiovascular effects. Insomnia (sleep disruption) is reported in studies of people living in very low- intensity RF environments with WI-FI and cell tower-level exposures [85–93]. Short- term effects on cognition, memory and learning, behaviour, reaction time, attention and concentration, and altered brainwave activity (altered EEG) are also reported in the scientific literature. 4. Pathological leakage of the blood-brain barrier (allowing toxins into the brain tissues A single 2-hr exposure to cell phone radiation can result in increased leakage of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), and 50 days after exposure, neuronal damage can be seen. At this later time point albumin leakage is also demonstrated. The levels of electromagnetic exposure needed to affect the BBB have been shown to be as low as 0.001 W/kg, or less than holding a mobile phone at arm’s length. The US FCC standard is 1.6 W/kg and the ICNIRP standard is 2 W/kg of energy (SAR) absorption into brain tissue from cell/cordless phone use. Thus, BBB effects occur at about one thousand times lower electromagnetic exposure levels than the US and ICNIRP limits allow.  5. Public US safety standards are much higher than levels now commonly reported in mobile phone base station studies to cause bio effects (by a factor of 1,000 to 10,000). Safety standards based on thermal (heating) effects do not provide adequate protection. Safety standards for sensitive populations need to be set at lower levels than for healthy adult populations. Sensitive populations include the unborn baby, the infant, children, the elderly, those with pre-existing chronic diseases, and those with developed electrical hyper sensitivity (EHS). Wireless laptops and other wireless devices should be strongly discouraged in schools for children of all ages. Wired communications technology is a preferred solution. 6. Epidemiological evidence given that RF-EMF should be classified as a human carcinogen: 155 new research papers that report on the neurological effects of RFR published between 2007 and mid-2012 are profiled: Of these, 63% showed effects and 37% showed no effects. 69 new ELF-EMF papers that report on genotoxic effects of ELF-EMF published between 2007 and mid-2012 are profiled. Of these, 93% show effects and 7% show no effect. 7. Stress Proteins and DNA as a Fractal Antenna: Martin Blank and Reba Goodman of Columbia University have determined that stress proteins are produced by ELF-EMF and RFR at levels far below current safety standards allow. They believe that DNA is actually a very good fractal RF-antenna which is very sensitive to low doses of EMF, and may induce the cellular processes that result in chronic ‘unrelenting’ stress. Daily exposure to electromagnetic radiation then results in chronic ill- health.   “The DNA molecule is particularly vulnerable to damage by EMF because of the coiled-coil configuration of the compacted molecule in the nucleus. The unusual structure endows it with the self similarity of a fractal antenna and the resulting sensitivity to a wide range of frequencies. The mechanism involves direct interaction of EMF with the DNA molecule: EMF stimulates stress proteins (indicating an assault on the cell). EMF efficiently harms cells at a billion times lower levels than conventional heating. 8. Explosive Growth of Wireless Technologies The rapid rollout of wireless technologies is placing global public health at risk unless new, far lower exposure limits and strong precautionary warnings are implemented. "Real-world experience is revealing evidence that sperm may be damaged by cell phones even on stand-by mode; and people can be adversely affected by placing smart meters on the sides or interiors of homes, even when the time-weighted average for electromagnetic exposure is very small. 9. Pulsed Fields are worse than Continuous Fields The critical factor of biological importance is the Intermittent Pulsed nature of RF communication technology, not the time-averaged SAR. Symptoms from continuous fields are less severe than with pulsed fields.

The 1,500 page Bioinitiative report was first issued in 2007 and then extensively expanded in 2012. It is considered by many scientists to be the leading authoritative medical compilation of all research into microwave radiation, worldwide. It represents a medical perspective, not a regulatory, industry or legislative perspective. There are 29 contributing authors - research scientists and doctors from ten countries (Russia, United States, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Canada, The Slovac Republic, Italy and Austria). It also analyses the output of an additional 1,800 studies published between 2007 and 2012. 1. Executive Summary These new studies report abnormal gene transcription (copying), DNA damage, the creation of stress proteins because of the fractal RF- antenna like nature of DNA. In addition, chromatin condensation and loss of DNA repair capacity in human stem, reduction in free-radical scavengers – particularly melatonin, neurotoxicity in humans and animals, carcinogenicity (creation of cancer) in humans, serious impacts on human and animal sperm function, effects on the foetus, neonate and offspring, effects on brain and cranial bone development in the offspring of animals that are exposed to cell phone radiation during pregnancy and findings in autism spectrum disorders related to EMF/RFR exposure. 2. Brain Tumours: Gliomas are aggressive, malignant tumours where the average life- span following diagnosis is approximately 400 days. Epidemiological studies are finding brain tumours at the ten year point, whereas x-ray and other ionizing radiation exposures that can also cause brain tumours take nearly 15-20 years to appear. This makes radiofrequency/microwave radiation from mobile (cell) phones a very effective cancer-causing agent. Studies by Lennart Hardell and his research team at Orebro University in Sweden have determined that children who start using a mobile (cell) phone in their early years have more than a 5-fold (more than a 500%) risk of developing a brain tumour by the time they are in the 20-29 year age group. 3. Adverse Biological Effects:  The most serious health endpoints that have been reported to be associated with extremely low frequency (ELF) and/or radiofrequency radiation (RFR) include childhood and adult leukaemia, childhood and adult brain tumours, and increased risk of the neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, there are reports of increased risk of breast cancer in both men and women, genotoxic effects (DNA damage, chromatin condensation, micronucleation, impaired repair of DNA damage in human stem cells), pathological leakage of the blood–brain barrier, altered immune function including increased allergic and inflammatory responses, miscarriage and some cardiovascular effects. Insomnia (sleep disruption) is reported in studies of people living in very low- intensity RF environments with WI-FI and cell tower-level exposures [85–93]. Short- term effects on cognition, memory and learning, behaviour, reaction time, attention and concentration, and altered brainwave activity (altered EEG) are also reported in the scientific literature. 4. Pathological leakage of the blood-brain barrier (allowing toxins into the brain tissues A single 2-hr exposure to cell phone radiation can result in increased leakage of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), and 50 days after exposure, neuronal damage can be seen. At this later time point albumin leakage is also demonstrated. The levels of electromagnetic exposure needed to affect the BBB have been shown to be as low as 0.001 W/kg, or less than holding a mobile phone at arm’s length. The US FCC standard is 1.6 W/kg and the ICNIRP standard is 2 W/kg of energy (SAR) absorption into brain tissue from cell/cordless phone use. Thus, BBB effects occur at about one thousand times lower electromagnetic exposure levels than the US and ICNIRP limits allow.  5. Public US safety standards are much higher than levels now commonly reported in mobile phone base station studies to cause bio effects (by a factor of 1,000 to 10,000). Safety standards based on thermal (heating) effects do not provide adequate protection. Safety standards for sensitive populations need to be set at lower levels than for healthy adult populations. Sensitive populations include the unborn baby, the infant, children, the elderly, those with pre-existing chronic diseases, and those with developed electrical hyper sensitivity (EHS). Wireless laptops and other wireless devices should be strongly discouraged in schools for children of all ages. Wired communications technology is a preferred solution. 6. Epidemiological evidence given that RF-EMF should be classified as a human carcinogen: 155 new research papers that report on the neurological effects of RFR published between 2007 and mid-2012 are profiled: Of these, 63% showed effects and 37% showed no effects. 69 new ELF-EMF papers that report on genotoxic effects of ELF-EMF published between 2007 and mid-2012 are profiled. Of these, 93% show effects and 7% show no effect. 7. Stress Proteins and DNA as a Fractal Antenna: Martin Blank and Reba Goodman of Columbia University have determined that stress proteins are produced by ELF-EMF and RFR at levels far below current safety standards allow. They believe that DNA is actually a very good fractal RF-antenna which is very sensitive to low doses of EMF, and may induce the cellular processes that result in chronic ‘unrelenting’ stress. Daily exposure to electromagnetic radiation then results in chronic ill- health.   “The DNA molecule is particularly vulnerable to damage by EMF because of the coiled-coil configuration of the compacted molecule in the nucleus. The unusual structure endows it with the self similarity of a fractal antenna and the resulting sensitivity to a wide range of frequencies. The mechanism involves direct interaction of EMF with the DNA molecule: EMF stimulates stress proteins (indicating an assault on the cell). EMF efficiently harms cells at a billion times lower levels than conventional heating. 8. Explosive Growth of Wireless Technologies The rapid rollout of wireless technologies is placing global public health at risk unless new, far lower exposure limits and strong precautionary warnings are implemented. "Real-world experience is revealing evidence that sperm may be damaged by cell phones even on stand-by mode; and people can be adversely affected by placing smart meters on the sides or interiors of homes, even when the time-weighted average for electromagnetic exposure is very small. 9. Pulsed Fields are worse than Continuous Fields The critical factor of biological importance is the Intermittent Pulsed nature of RF communication technology, not the time-averaged SAR. Symptoms from continuous fields are less severe than with pulsed fields.